Vulnerabilidade urbana e ferramentas aplicadas na gestão de risco de desastres hidrometeorológicos

Fernanda Santa Barbara Vissirini; Paula Thaise Bermudez dos Reis; Fabrício Pimenta da Cunha; Fabio Ribeiro Gondim; Alfredo Akira Ohnuma Jr.; Rosa Maria Formiga Johnson

doi:10.5585/geas.v12i2.22616

Autores

Fernanda Santa Barbara Vissirini Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3877-0206
Paula Thaise Bermudez dos Reis Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-9714
Fabrício Pimenta da Cunha Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-7966
Fabio Ribeiro Gondim Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / INEMA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5688-9142
Alfredo Akira Ohnuma Jr. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-9334
Rosa Maria Formiga Johnson Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2047-9912

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5585/geas.v12i2.22616

Palavras-chave:

Vulnerabilidade Urbana, Gestão de Risco, Desastres, Mudanças Climáticas

Resumo

Introdução: O advento das mudanças climáticas apresenta novos desafios para as cidades, tornando necessário o desenvolvimento de políticas estratégicas para reduzir os impactos e melhorar a adaptação aos eventos extremos.

Objetivo: Apresentar o conceito de vulnerabilidade urbana e as medidas adotadas nas cidades para a redução dos riscos hidrometeorológicos e adaptação às mudanças climáticas.

Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura presente nas bases de dados Science Direct e Scielo entre o período de 2011 a 2021, sendo possível apresentar a evolução do conceito de “vulnerabilidade urbana”.

Originalidade/Relevância: A vulnerabilidade urbana passa a ser tópico-chave na avaliação das mudanças climáticas atualmente e estudos sobre o tema devem ser fortalecidos. Além da necessidade da identificação das conexões entre a adaptação às mudanças climáticas e os esforços para promover soluções para a redução de risco de desastres (RRD).

Resultados: Notou-se uma evolução do termo “vulnerabilidade urbana”, aplicado nos diversos artigos como variável importante na equação para a redução do risco de desastres. Em 2020 ficou evidenciado o avanço dos estudos relacionando a vulnerabilidade urbana com adaptações ao clima, novas propostas para a avaliação e métodos utilizados ao nível local (cidades).

Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: A RRD frente às mudanças climáticas se torna emergencial na atualidade, a fim de se preservar vidas humanas e bens materiais, já que muitas das nossas cidades se expandiram para áreas suscetíveis aos eventos extremos, sendo a compreensão dos possíveis riscos de desastres hidrometeorológicos crucial para o planejamento urbano.

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Biografia do Autor

Fernanda Santa Barbara Vissirini, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Doutoranda e mestre em Engenharia Ambiental pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Área em Recursos Naturais e Políticas Públicas para Sustentabilidade.

Paula Thaise Bermudez dos Reis, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Doutoranda em Meio Ambiente – UERJ / Mestre em Engenharia Ambiental - UERJ - São João de Meriti / RJ

Fabrício Pimenta da Cunha, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Doutorando e mestre em Engenharia Ambiental pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Área em Recursos Naturais e Políticas Públicas para Sustentabilidade / Petrópolis (RJ)

Fabio Ribeiro Gondim, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / INEMA

Servidor Público do INEMA/BA / Doutorando em Engenharia Ambiental – UERJ / Mestre em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais - UFRRJ / Rio de Janeiro (RJ)

Alfredo Akira Ohnuma Jr., Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Engenheiro Civil formado pela UFSCar - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (2000), Mestrado (2005) e Doutorado em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental pela USP / EESC - Universidade de São Paulo (2008), Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento. É Professor Associado da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), pelo Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e do Meio Ambiente. Atua na docência dos cursos de Engenharia Civil e Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária, do Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado Profissional em Engenharia Ambiental (PEAMB) e Doutorado em Engenharia Ambiental (DEAMB), da UERJ. Rio de Janeiro (RJ)

Rosa Maria Formiga Johnson, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Doutora e mestre em Ciências e Técnicas Ambientais pela Université de Paris-Est Créteil (França) e professora associada da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) / Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e do Meio Ambiente (DESMA) desde 2006. Foi Diretora de Gestão das Águas e do Território do INEA-RJ (Instituto Estadual do Ambiente), entre 2009 e 2015. Rio de Janeiro (RJ)

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